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  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    A soil substrate (1) for a root area of a plant, in particular a tree (3), comprises: 50 to 65% by volume granite-gravel-gravel mixture, 5 to 15% by volume topsoil, 5 to 15% by volume. % Compost soil and 5 to 15 vol.% Sand. The soil substrate (1) makes it possible to provide a compacted soil which, on the one hand, is stable enough to take up a load sufficient for application in a settlement area and, on the other hand, to serve as a rooting space for trees.
    公开号:CH713589A1
    申请号:CH00341/17
    申请日:2017-03-20
    公开日:2018-09-28
    发明作者:Jeanneret Dominique；Dubs Yves；Sonderegger Martin
    申请人:Stadtgaertnerei Basel Stadt；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    Technical Field The invention relates to a soil substrate that can be used in particular as the root of a tree in a settlement area.
    PRIOR ART For planting, feeding and developing trees or other plants, soil substrates or cultivation substrates are nowadays used specifically, which should make it possible for the tree or plant to have roots that are as species-typical as possible at a foreign location. The tree should be rooted in the soil substrate in such a way that it can obtain the necessary nutrients efficiently and find sufficient support so that it can grow and flourish well. For this purpose, soil substrates are preferably rich in nutrients or have a high nutrient availability and have a consistency that allows the roots to grow as easily as possible and offers the tree support.
    In settlement areas such as in cities, it is often a challenge to provide sufficient root space, especially for trees. The soil or subsoil in settlements is often built on or built over with buildings, roads or similar works, so that it is not available for trees. For example, in road construction, the subsurface under an asphalted roadway, for example, is often formed by a stable, robust substructure. It is particularly important that the roadway can be kept stable in use and that vertical movements or subsidence and horizontal movements can be avoided. Such substructures limit the root space of plants.
    Typically, developments in settlement areas limit the areas that can be used for the growth or for feeding and developing plants. For example, the space for trees or certain types of trees in settlement areas is often limited because their roots are limited by roads, paths or similar structures or their substructure or by buildings. If trees are planted, it is typically necessary to provide enough open space, which is often difficult or undesirable in settlement areas.
    The present invention has for its object to enable plants and in particular trees or the like to grow close to built-up areas such as roads and the like or to get by with relatively little unsealed open space.
    DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object is achieved according to the invention by a floor substrate as defined in independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims.
    The essence of the invention consists in the following: A soil substrate for a root space of a plant, in particular a tree, contains several components. Among other things, it comprises 50 volume percent (vol .-%) to 65 vol .-% broken granite-gravel-gravel mixture.
    In connection with the invention, the term "granite" refers to a massive and relatively coarsely crystalline igneous deep rock or a plutonite. Granites are typically rich in quartz and feldspar. They can often also contain dark or mafic minerals such as mica. Granite can correspond to the volcanic rhyolite in its chemical and mineralogical composition. Granite is free of organic materials and usually has a pH of between about 6 and 8 and in particular about 7.
    The term “gravel” in this context refers to rock pieces of a certain grain size. The term “grain size” generally describes the size of individual particles or grains in a mixture or mixture. Many different methods are used to determine the grain size, the grain size often corresponding to an equivalent diameter of the particles. Among other things, sieve curves are used in this context, which allow a statement to be made in which area the grain sizes of a mixture are located. The granite gravel of the granite-gravel-gravel mixture of the soil substrate preferably consists of broken granite pieces with a grain size larger than about 16 or 20 millimeters (mm). The grain size of the granite gravel can also be limited to about 36 mm.
    The term «gravel» refers to rock pieces of a certain grain size range, the grain sizes typically being smaller than that of gravel. The granite gravel of the granite-gravel-gravel mixture of the soil substrate preferably consists of broken granite pieces with a grain size of greater than approximately 2 mm.
    The soil substrate according to the invention further comprises 5 vol.% To 15 vol.% Top soil.
    In this context, the term “top soil” is understood to mean the typically highest and most fertile horizon of a natural soil. In addition to main mineral components such as fine sand, silt and / or
    CH 713 589 A1
    In contrast to deeper soil horizons, clay can have a high proportion of plant-available nutrients and organic matter, as well as a relatively large amount of soil organisms. In soil science, the top soil as the top horizon is often referred to as the A horizon. In warm temperate latitudes it is about 20 to 30 cm thick in natural soils. Top soil is referred to as arable land in particular in agriculture.
    [0013] The top soil of the soil substrate is preferably essentially free of roots and / or shoot parts of predefined plants. The predefined plants can in particular be problem plants, such as, for example, winches, couch grasses, steamers or the like. Such a topsoil can be advantageous since no undesired plants grow in it, which can lead to aesthetically or hortically undesirable effects at the place of use.
    [0014] The top soil of the soil substrate advantageously has the quality of arable soil and in particular sandy-loamy but not clayey arable soil. Such an upper soil can be proven to be suitable for rooting. In particular, it can also provide nutrients for the plant or enable their provision. The top soil of the soil substrate preferably complies with legally defined limit values for unpolluted soils, such as those specified in the Swiss Ordinance on the Avoidance and Disposal of Waste (WEA) or the Swiss Ordinance on Soil Pollution (VBBo).
    [0015] Furthermore, the soil substrate according to the invention comprises 5% by volume to 15% by volume of compost.
    The term “compost” is understood to mean soil as it is produced as the end product of composting, or an earth that is mixed with compost or green compost. Compost is often used for natural fertilization, pest control and / or soil improvement. “Composting” is typically the product of a breakdown of organic material under the influence of atmospheric oxygen (aerobic) by soil organisms (heterotrophic). In addition to carbon dioxide, water-soluble minerals such as nitrates, ammonium salts, phosphates, potassium and magnesium compounds can also be released, which act as fertilizers. Some of the intermediate products that result from this degradation are converted to humus. The compost as a component of the soil substrate makes it possible to provide the plants in the soil substrate with sufficient nutrients or to permit their provision. It advantageously has a pH of between about 7 and 8 and is free of foreign substances.
    [0017] The compost is preferably mature or available to plants. The term “mature or available to plants” in this context refers to an age of more than 14 weeks and in particular about 16 weeks. In a preferred embodiment, the compost is certified organic. Such compost can improve the acceptance of the soil substrate. With such compost, the soil substrate can also be disposed of without hesitation if necessary.
    [0018] Furthermore, the soil substrate according to the invention also comprises 5% by volume to 15% by volume of sand.
    The term «sand» refers to a naturally occurring, unsolidified sediment, which is composed predominantly of grains with a grain size that is smaller than the grain size of gravel. For example, sand can have a grain size in a range from about 0.06 mm to about 2 mm. In principle, the term “sand” is not dependent on the mineral composition, but preferred sands consist mostly of quartz grains and are typically low in lime.
    The soil substrate according to the invention makes it possible to provide a load-bearing soil that is stable enough on the one hand to take up a load capacity sufficient for many applications and on the other hand to be suitable as a root area for plants and in particular as a preferably suitable soil for trees. In particular, the soil substrate can be used as a substructure, where it meets the requirements for sufficient stability for the intended use of a covering surface such as a street and can still be rooted through by a tree.
    For the requirements as a substructure or road substructure, the floor substrate can have sufficient compressive strength, for example at least 60 MN / m 2 , due to its composition according to the invention. At the same time, the soil substrate can be a suitable root space. In addition, it can be so permeable or structured that roots can penetrate or grow in. It can also provide nutrients so that the trees or plants can absorb essential substances. It may also have environmental parameters, such as an appropriate pH, which plants prefer.
    Using the soil substrate according to the invention, trees and other plants can get by with relatively little unsealed open space. This enables trees to be planted and established in settlement areas where this would not be possible without the soil substrate or in a conventional substructure or subsoil.
    Basically, the granite-gravel-gravel mixture can have any gravel and gravel proportions. In any case, it must contain both a share of gravel and a share of gravel. The granite-ballast-gravel mixture preferably comprises 25% by volume to 33% by volume of granite ballast and 25% by volume to 33% by volume of granite gravel. Such a mixture enables the floor substrate to be used as a substructure for a road or the like. One can
    CH 713 589 A1 achieves particularly advantageous load-bearing capacity and stability and at the same time enables rooting, so that root space can be offered to a tree or another plant.
    In a preferred embodiment, the soil substrate additionally comprises 5% by volume to 15% by volume expanded clay. The expanded clay is preferably broken and preferably has a grain size of about 0.1 mm to about 4 mm.
    [0025] The base substrate also preferably comprises an additional 5% by volume to 15% by volume of lava sand. Such lava sand can be important in the soil substrate for pore conditions, which can improve rootability. The lava sand preferably has a grain size of approximately 0.1 mm to approximately 4 mm.
    Advantageously, the soil substrate has a total pH of between about 6 to about 8 and in particular about 7. Such a pH value is preferred by many plants and in particular trees, so that the soil substrate can be particularly suitable as a root area.
    Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a floor substrate, as described above, as a substructure of a building and in particular a street. In such a use, the properties of the floor substrate can be used efficiently and the effects and advantages described above can be achieved.
    Preferably, the bottom substrate is compacted. Such compaction can be carried out using suitable machines or tools such as vibrating plates and the like.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further advantageous refinements of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with the aid of the schematic drawing. In particular, the floor substrate according to the invention and the use according to the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings using exemplary embodiments. Show it:
    Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a quantity distribution of components of an embodiment of a floor substrate according to the invention. and
    FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an application of the floor substrate of FIG. 1.
    Way (s) of Carrying Out the Invention Certain terms are used in the following description for practical reasons and are not to be taken in a limiting sense. The words "right", "left", "bottom" and "top" indicate directions in the drawing that are referred to. The terms "inwards", "outwards", "below", "above", "left", "right" or similar are used to describe the arrangement of designated parts to each other, the movement of designated parts to each other and the directions towards or away from geometric center of the invention and named parts thereof used as shown in the figures. This spatial relative information also includes different positions and orientations than those shown in the figures. For example, if a part shown in the figures is turned over, elements or features that are described as "below" are then "above". The terminology includes the words expressly mentioned above, derivatives of the same, and words of similar meaning.
    In order to avoid repetitions in the figures and the associated description of the various aspects and exemplary embodiments, certain features are to be understood as common for different aspects and exemplary embodiments. The omission of an aspect in the description or a figure does not suggest that this aspect is missing in the associated exemplary embodiment. Rather, such omission can help clarity and prevent repetition. In this context, the following definition applies to the entire further description: if reference numerals are included in a figure for the sake of clarity in the drawing, but are not mentioned in the directly associated description text, reference is made to their explanation in the preceding figure descriptions. If, in the description text belonging directly to a figure, reference symbols are also mentioned which are not contained in the associated figure, reference is made to the preceding and following figures. Similar reference numerals in two or more figures stand for similar or identical elements.
    1 shows the distribution of components of an exemplary embodiment of a floor substrate 1 according to the invention using a pie chart. The individual circle segments correspond to the volume fraction of the associated component.
    In particular, it can be seen in FIG. 1 that the floor substrate 1 comprises the following components: 50 to 65% by volume of broken granite / gravel / gravel mixture 11.5 to 15% by volume of topsoil 12.5 to 15% by volume % Compost 13, 5 to 15% by volume sand 14, 5 to 15% by volume expanded clay 15 and 5 to 15% by volume lava sand 16.
    The broken granite-gravel-gravel mixture 11 consists approximately half of granite gravel and half of granite gravel. The granite gravel consists of broken granite pieces with a grain size of about 20 mm to about 40 mm. The granite gravel consists of broken granite pieces with a grain size of about 8 mm to about 16 mm.
    CH 713 589 A1 The top soil 12 is essentially free of roots and shoots of plants which can cause difficulties in the intended use of the soil substrate 1. In particular, it is free of roots and shoots from winds, couch grasses, bollards and the like. The topsoil 12 also has the quality of sandy-loamy but not clayey arable soil and complies with the legal limit values of the wind turbines applicable in the intended application of the soil substrate 1 and the guide values of the VBBo.
    The compost 13 is virtually completely available to plants. This means that she has an age of more than fourteen weeks and in particular about sixteen weeks or more. Compost 13 is certified organic.
    The expanded clay 15 is broken and has a grain size of 0.1 to 4 mm. The lava sand 16 has a grain size of 0.1 to 4 mm. The entire soil substrate 1 creates an environment suitable for the roots of plants and in particular trees. For this purpose, it has a total pH of around 7.
    2 shows the inventive use of the soil substrate 1 in a settlement area. In the settlement area there is a roadway 2 and an adjacent open space, with parking bays 24 and tree discounts 6 alternating. The road 2 and the parking bays 24 comprise an asphalt surface 21 which is laterally delimited by curbs 22. Immediately below the covering 21 and the curbs 22, a base layer 23 is arranged, which consists of a ballast-gravel mixture.
    Below the base layer 23 of the roadway 2 and the parking bays 24 and in the tree discounts 6, the soil substrate 1 is heaped on sub-floor 4. It therefore bears the parking bays 24 and the vegetation of the tree discounts 6. A young tree 3 is planted in the ground substrate 1 in the open space or a tree discounts 6. The tree 3 comprises roots 31 which are still in the soil of a transport bale 5. In the further life of the tree 3, the roots 31 will grow into the bottom substrate 1, in particular the bottom substrate 1 enables the roots 31 to grow below the parking bays 24. As a result, the root space of the tree 3 is sufficiently large that perfect growth is possible.
    Although the invention is illustrated and described in detail by means of the figures and the associated description, this illustration and this detailed description are to be understood as illustrative and exemplary and not as restrictive of the invention. In order not to clarify the invention, in certain cases well-known structures and techniques cannot be shown and described in detail. It is understood that those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the following claims. In particular, the present invention covers further exemplary embodiments with any combination of features that may differ from the combinations of features explicitly described.
    [0041] The present disclosure also includes embodiments with any combination of features mentioned or shown above or below for various embodiments. It also includes individual features in the figures, even if they are shown there in connection with other features and / or are not mentioned above or below. The alternatives of embodiments and individual alternatives whose characteristics described in the figures and the description can be excluded from the subject matter of the invention or from the disclosed objects. The disclosure includes embodiments that only include the features described in the claims or in the exemplary embodiments and also those that include additional other features.
    [0042] Furthermore, the expression “comprising” and derivatives thereof does not exclude other elements or steps. Likewise, the indefinite article “a” or “an” and derivatives thereof do not exclude a large number. The functions of several features listed in the claims can be fulfilled by a unit or a step. The mere fact that certain masses are listed in different dependent claims does not mean that a combination of these masses cannot be used to advantage. The terms “essentially”, “about”, “approximately” and the like in connection with a property or a value also define precisely the property or exactly the value. The terms “about” and “approximately” in connection with a given numerical value or range can refer to a value or range which lies within 20%, within 10%, within 5% or within 2% of the given value or range.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Soil substrate (1) for a root space of a plant, in particular a tree (3), comprising
    50 volume percent to 65 volume percent granite-gravel-gravel mixture (11),
    5 volume percent to 15 volume percent topsoil (12),
    5 volume percent to 15 volume percent compost (13), and
    5 volume percent to 15 volume percent sand (14).
    [2]
    2. Soil substrate (1) according to claim 1, wherein the granite-gravel-gravel mixture (11) comprises 25 volume percent to 33 volume percent granite gravel and 25 volume percent to 33 volume percent granite gravel.
    CH 713 589 A1
    [3]
    3. Floor substrate (1) according to claim 2, wherein the granite gravel consists of broken granite pieces with a grain size of about 20 millimeters to about 40 millimeters.
    [4]
    4. Floor substrate (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the granite gravel consists of broken granite pieces with a grain size of about 8 millimeters to about 16 millimeters.
    [5]
    5. Soil substrate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the top soil (12) is substantially free of roots and / or shoot parts of predefined plants.
    [6]
    6. Soil substrate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the top soil (12) has the quality of sandy loam but not clayey arable soil.
    [7]
    7. Soil substrate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the top soil (12) complies with legally defined pollutant limit values.
    [8]
    8. Soil substrate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the compost (13) is mature.
    [9]
    9. Soil substrate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the compost (13) is certified organic.
    [10]
    10. Soil substrate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which additionally comprises 5 volume percent to 15 volume percent expanded clay (15).
    [11]
    11. Soil substrate (1) according to claim 10, wherein the expanded clay is broken and has a grain size of about 0.1 millimeter to about 4 millimeters.
    [12]
    12. Soil substrate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which additionally comprises 5 volume percent to 15 volume percent lava sand (16).
    [13]
    13. Soil substrate (1) according to claim 12, wherein the lava sand has a grain size of about 0.1 millimeter to about 4 millimeters.
    [14]
    14. Soil substrate (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, which has a total pH of about 6 to about 8 and in particular of about 7.
    [15]
    15. Use of a floor substrate (1) according to one of the preceding claims as a substructure of a building and in particular an asphalt surface.
    CH 713 589 A1
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH713589B1|2019-09-13|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5192354A|1989-02-24|1993-03-09|Debco Pty. Ltd.|Soil substitute|
    US20030066322A1|2001-05-15|2003-04-10|Perriello Felix Anthony|Microbiologically accelerated humus and method and apparatus for producing same|
    JP2007159477A|2005-12-14|2007-06-28|Joshin Denki Co Ltd|Culture soil for greening water-impermeable base, and structure of greening culture medium|
    JP2008088717A|2006-10-03|2008-04-17|Joshin Denki Co Ltd|Parking lot floor structure|EP3854770A1|2020-01-21|2021-07-28|Aumann, Franz|Soil substrate for fertilizing and improving soil, and method of manufacturing the soil substrate and method of introducing the soil substrate|
    法律状态:
    2018-10-31| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: GRELLINGERSTRASSE 60, 4052 BASEL (CH) |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00341/17A|CH713589B1|2017-03-20|2017-03-20|Soil substrate and use of a soil substrate.|CH00341/17A| CH713589B1|2017-03-20|2017-03-20|Soil substrate and use of a soil substrate.|
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